Propuesta
para una nueva agenda de investigación sobre comunicación
internacional
Jossep Rota y Clemencia Rodríguez
Findings
from an international survey conducted among communication experts suggest
that it is time to formulate a new research agenda in the field of international
communication. This new agenda should be adequate for the economic,
geopolitical and technological new global realities. The increasing
influence of transnational companies in the world and the diminishing
of the nation-states are the dichotomous branches of a current polemic,
which seems to get even more complex when one analyses the results of
the present study. The authors synthesize the proposals of the 84 experts
( coming from 34 different countries), by grouping them in four main
topics: a) The study of media effects on different dimensions, such
as social changes, globalization of communications and transnationalization
of communities and identities; b) the need for applied and formative
researches; c) the need for studying existing research, and d) the study
of philosophical and ethical media issues.
Regresar
Los medios de comunicación masiva en Puerto
Rico
Federico A. Subervi Vélez, Nitza M. Hernández López
y Aline Frambes-Buxeda
This
article states that the "commercial" and "liberal"
character of Puerto Rican media is a consequence of the historical relations
between this country and the USA. According to a constitutional arrangement,
Puerto Rican mass media are integrated to the North American economy;
however, try also constitute the scenario of political struggles regarding
the Island status. In this context, mass communication systems barely
as a public service. On the contrary, media ownership structure gives
way to promotion of imported material and cultural products. Given the
fact that education in English is mandatory for Puerto Ricans, the Americanization
of their everyday life is reinforced with the behavior of media. The
authors emphasize the relevance of studying, for future works, the consequences
of this Americanization phenomenon.
Regresar
Recepción de medios, clases, poder y estructura.
Cuestiones teórico-metodológicas de investigación
cualitativa de la audiencia de los medios de comunicación de
masas
Maria Immacolata Vasallo de Lopes
The
progress made on qualitative audience´s studies, or what some
people call ethnographic research on media reception, is still no more
a liberal defense of mass culture. As a result, the cultural and political
criticism that encouraged the leading cultural studies, is in the progress
of fading. This provocative statement, is the author´s invitation
to revitalize the debate on media reception research in Latin America,
where the mediation´s model has an outstanding place. She proposes
to face the theoretical and methodological obstacles that the mediation´s
model presents, when it is applied to analyze a historical and social
reality like the Latin-American one. In questioning the "culturalist
ambivalence" of such an approach, whose focus is on the subject´s
cultural practices relationship, the author emphasizes, following Sergio
Calleti, the relevance of bringing our attention back to the theoretical
links between the political and cultural spheres of power exercise in
everyday life, and to the need for developing the existing category
of political and cultural hegemony, to a better study of subjectivity
phenomena.
Regresar
¿De qué se constituye el habitus
en la práctica periodística?
Cecilia Cervantes Barba
This
essay is a preliminary attempt of articulation between the sociology
of journalism and the reflexive sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. The author
analyzes some of the findings of empirical newsmaking studies accomplished
in the USA and Great Britain, countries where the academic field of
"media sociology" has reached its apogee during the last two
decades. Such a situation has not yet been possible within mexican universities,
given the characteristics of our teaching and research programs. The
article highlights that in Mexico there are two specific obstacles for
developing applied and particularly, ethnographic research on journalistic
practices. On the one hand, one may encounter media´s autarchy,
since researches are not easily allowed visits to media organizations.
On the other hand, there is a methodological impediment related with
the difficulty of overcoming a trivial "constructivism", which
seems to characterize even the most systematized studies conducted on
this subject.
Regresar
Audiencias selectivas en el entorno de la oferta
multiplicada; el discurso materno acerca de los usos de la televisión
y otros medios
Martha Renero Quintanar
Development
of communications world corporations has made possible the increasing
of everyday entertainment options. given this fact, a pertinent questions
arises: "does the diversification of media offers imply a diversification
of 'active' or specific audiences?" According to a study conducted
with mothers living in a capital city and a bordering one, regarding
the uses and meanings of watching television within their families,
women still have a central role in the domestic environment. The author
proposes a preliminary audience segmentation, considering the access
that children of these families have to private or elementary schools.
Consumption of a greater variety of TV programs (some of them in english)
appears to be a symbol of status for people with access to private schools.
Regresar
La dimensión cultural del rumor. De lo
verdadero a los diferentes regímenes de verosimilitud
Margarita Zires
In
this article, the author presents and analyzes the concept of rumor
developed by Knapp, Allport and Postman during the end of the World
War II, such a concept shaped the predominant approach, methodology
and analysis techniques for the study of this phenomenon. She rejects
that news and objectivity are the direct opposite of rumors, and proposes
the build a different perspective of analysis considering the cultural
an power dimensions, and focusing on the process of making verisimilitude
in a given society, rather than on the search for veracity or falseness
of stories. Relying on the theoreticians of inter-textually (Kristeva;
Zumthor), the author suggests that looking at the cultural order as
a context would be fruitful for a better understanding of the complexity
of communicative process and, consequently, of the cultural processes
in our contemporary societies.
Regresar
Las peores opiniones. Opinión pública,
encuestas, elecciones y medios en México, 1994
Raúl Trejo Delarbre
The
1994 mexican presidential election process witnessed a 'boom' of polls,
unknown until then in a country. The author analyzes the production
and dissemination of electoral surveys within this period, and suggests
that this is one of the sources of the arising democratic culture in
Mexico. He finds that polls are a worthwhile instrument for producing
sociological and political diagnoses, and not an infallible 'oracle'.
According to this observations, some of the surveys conducted recently
showed political bias and overestimated their results, when they were
not pseudo-surveys.
Regresar
MATERIALES
PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LOS MEDIOS
El primer sistema de televisión en México
Francisco Hernández Lomelí
Mexican
television history began early in the 1930. The first TV system was
installed in June 1935, as a project of the ruling party: the PNR (Revolutionary
National Party). There were two reasons for the project to fail. First
the electromechanical equipment acquired by the PNR became obsolete
very soon, due to the invention of a new electronic model. Secondly,
the conflicted between Cárdenas and Calles gave rise to some
changes in the presidential cabinet and in the PNR leadership. Thus,
television party promoters were removed, and state television sympathizers
arose.
Regresar
